|
Success in business comes as a
result of planning. You have to have a detailed, written plan that shows
what the ultimate goal is, the reason for the goal, and each milestone that
must be passed in order to reach your goal.
A business plan is written definition of, and operational plan for achieving
your goal. You need a complete but success tool in order to define your
basic product, income objectives and specific operating procedures. YOU HAVE
TO HAVE A BUSINESS PLAN to attract investors, obtain financing and hold onto
the confidence of your creditors, particularly in times of cash flow
shortages--in this instance, the amount of money you have on hand compared
with the expenses that must be met.
Aside from an overall directional policy for the production, sales effort
and profit goals of your product--your basic "travel guide" to business
success--the most important purpose your business plan will serve, will be
the basis or foundation of any financial proposals you submit. Many
entrepreneurs are under the mistaken impression that a business plan is the
same as a financial proposal, or that a financial proposal constitutes a
business plan. This is just a misunderstanding of the uses of these two
separate and different business success aids.
The business plan is a long range "map" to guide your business to the goal
you've set for it. The plan details the what, why, where, how and when, of
your business--the success planning of your company.
Your financial proposal is a request for money based upon your business
plan--your business history and objectives. Understand the differences. They
are closely related, but they are not interchangeable.
Writing and putting together a "winning" business plan takes study, research
and time, so don't try to do it all in just one or two days.
The easiest way to start with a loose leaf notebook, plenty of paper,
pencils, pencil sharpener, and several erasers. Once you get your mind "in
gear" and begin thinking about your business plan, "10,000 thoughts and
ideas per minute" will begin racing thru your mind...So, it's a good idea
when you aren't actually working on your business plan, to carry a pocket
notebook and jot down those business ideas as they come to you--ideas for
sales promotion, recruiting distributors, and any other thoughts on how to
operate and/or build your business.
Later, when you're actually working on your business plan, you can take out
this "idea notebook" evaluate your ideas, rework them, refine them, and
integrate them into the overall "big picture" of your business plan.
The best business plans for even the smallest businesses run 25 to 30 pages
or more, so you'll need to "title" each page and arrange the different
aspects of your business plan into "chapters." The format should pretty much
run as follows:
- Title Page
- Statement of Purpose
- Table of Contents
- Business Description
- Market Analysis
- Competition
- Business Location
- Management
- Current Financial Records
- Explanation of Plans For Growth
- Projected Profit & Loss/Operating Figures
- Explanation of Financing for Growth
- Documentation
- Summary of Business & Outlook for The Future
- Listing of Business & personal References
This is a logical organization of the information every business plan should
cover. I'll explain each of these chapters titles in greater detail, but
first, let me elaborate upon the reasons for proper organization of your
business plan.
Having a set of "questions to answer" about your business forces you to take
an objective and critical look at your ideas. Putting it all down on paper
allows you to change, erase and refine everything to function in the manner
of a smoothly oiled machine. You'll be able to spot weakness and strengthen
them before they develop into major problems. Overall, you'll be developing
an operating manual for your business--a valuable tool which will keep your
business on track, and guide you in the profitable management of your
business.
Because it's your idea, and your business, it's very important that YOU do
the planning. This is YOUR business plan, so YOU develop it, and put it all
down on paper just the way YOU want it to read. Seek out the advice of other
people; talk with, listen to, and observe, other people running similar
businesses; enlist the advice of your accountant and attorney--but at the
bottom line, don't ever forget it has to be YOUR BUSINESS PLAN!
Remember too, that statistics show the greatest causes of business failure
to be poor management and lack of planning--without a plan by which to
operate, no one can manage; and without a direction in which to aim its
efforts, no business can attain any real success.
On the very first page, which is the title page, put down the name of your
business-ABC ACTION--with your business address underneath. Now, skip a
couple of lines, and write it all in capital letters: PRINCIPAL
OWNER--followed by your name if you're the principal owner. On your finished
report, you would want to center this information on the page, with the
words "principal owner" off-set to the left about five spaces.
Examples: ABC ACTION
1234 SW 5th Ave.
Anywhere, USA 00000
PRINCIPAL OWNER: Your Name
That's all you'll have on this page except the page number -1-
Following your title page is the page for your statement purpose. This
should be a simple statement of your primary business function, such as: We
are a service business engaged in the business of selling business success
manuals and other information by mail.
The title of the page should be in all capital letters across the top of the
page, centered on your final draft--skip a few lines and write the statement
of purpose. This should be direct, clear and short--never more than (2)
sentences in length.
Then you should skip a few lines, and from the left hand margin of the
paper, write out a sub-heading in all capital letters, such as: EXPLANATION
OF PURPOSE.
From, and within this sub-heading you can briefly explain your statement of
purpose, such as: Our surveys have found most entrepreneurs to be "sadly"
lacking in basic information that will enable them to achieve success. This
market is estimated at more than a 100 million persons, with at least half
of these people actively "searching" for sources that provide the kind of
information they want, and need.
With our business, advertising and publishing experience, it is our goal to
capture at least half of this market of information seekers, with our
publication. MONEY MAKING MAGIC! Our market research indicates we can
achieve this goal and realize a profit of $1,000,000 per year within the
next 5 years...
The above example is generally the way you should write your "explanation of
purpose," and in subtle definition, why you need an explanation. Point to
remember: Keep it short. Very few business purpose explanations justify more
than a half page long.
Next comes your table of contents page. Don't really worry about this until
you've got the entire plan completed and ready for final typing. It's a good
idea though, to list the subject (chapter titles) as I have, and then check
off each one as you complete that part of your plan.
By having a list of the points you want to cover, you'll also be able to
skip around and work on each phase of your business plan as an idea or the
interest in organizing that particular phase, stimulates you. In other
words, you won't have to make your thinking or your planning conform to the
chronological order of the "chapters" of your business plan--another reason
for the loose leaf notebook.
In describing your business, it's best to begin where your statement purpose
leaves off. Describe your product, the production process, who has
responsibility for what, and most importantly, what makes your product or
service unique--what gives it an edge in your market. You can briefly
summarize your business beginnings, present position and potential for
future success, as well.
Next, describe the buyers you're trying to reach--why they need and want or
will buy your product--and the results of any tests or surveys you may have
conducted. Once you've defined your market, go on to explain how you intend
to reach that market--how you'll these prospects to your product or service
and induce them to buy. You might want to break this chapter down into
sections such as..publicity and promotions, advertising plans, direct sales
force, and dealer/distributor programs. Each section would then be an
outline of your plans and policies.
Moving into the next chapter on competition, identify who your competitors
are--their weakness and strong points--explain how you intend to capitalize
on those weaknesses and match or better the strong points. Talk to as many
of your "indirect" competitors as possible--those operating in different
cities and states.
One of the easiest ways of gathering a lot of useful information about your
competitors is by developing a series of survey questions and sending these
questionnaires out to each of them. Later on, you might want to compile the
answers to these questionnaires into some form of directory or report on
this type of business.
It's also advisable to contact the trade associations and publications
serving your proposed type of business. For information on trade
associations and specific trade publications, visit your public library, and
after explaining what you want ask for the librarian's help.
The chapter on management should be an elaboration on the people operating
the business. Those people that actually run the business, their job,
titles, duties, responsibilities and background resume's. It's important
that you "paint" a strong picture of your top management people because the
people coming to work for you or investing in your business, will be
"investing in these people" as much as your product ideas. Individual
tenacity, mature judgement under fire, and innovative problem-solving have
"won over" more people than all the AAA Credit Ratings and astronomical
sales figures put together.
People becoming involved with any new venture want to know that the person
in charge--the guy running the business knows what he's doing, will not lose
his cool when problems arise, and has what it takes to make money for all of
them> After showing the "muscle" of this person, go on to outline the other
key positions within your business; who the persons are you've selected to
handle those jobs and the sources as well as availability of any help you
might need.
If you've been in business of any kind scale, the next chapter is a picture
of your financial status--a review of your operating costs and income from
the business to date. Generally, this is a listing of your profit & loss
statements for the six months, plus copies of your business income tax
records for each of the previous three years the business has been an
entity.
The chapter on the explanation of your plans for the future growth of your
business is just that--an explanation of how you plan to keep your business
growing--a detailed guide of what you're going to do, and how you're going
to increase your profits. These plans should show your goals for the coming
year, two years, and three years. By breaking your objectives down into
annual milestones, your plan will be accepted as more realistic and be more
understandable as a part of your ultimate success.
Following this explanation, you'll need to itemize the projected cost and
income figures of your three year plan. I'll take a lot of research, an
undoubtedly a good deal of erasing, but it's very important that you list
these figures based upon thorough investigation. You may have to adjust some
of your plans downward, but once you've got these two chapters on paper,
your whole business plan will fall into line and begin to make sense. You'll
have a precise "map" of where you're headed, how much it's going to cost,
when you can expect to start making money, and how much.
Now that you know where you're going, how much it's going to cost and how
long it's going to be before you begin to recoup your investment, you're
ready to talk about how and where you're going to get the money to finance
your journey. Unless you're independently wealthy, you'll want to use this
chapter to list the possibilities and alternatives.
Make a list of friends you can approach, and perhaps induce to put up some
money as silent partners. Make a list of those people you might be able to
sell as stockholders in your company--in many cases you can sell up to
$300,000 worth of stock on a "private issue" basis without filing papers
with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Check with a corporate or tax
attorney in your area for more details. Make a list of relatives and friends
that might help you with an outright loan to furnish money for the
development of your business.
Then search out and make a list of venture capital organizations. Visit the
Small Business Administration office in your area--pick up the loan
application papers they have--read them, study them, and even fill them out
on a preliminary basis--and finally, check the costs, determine which
business publications would be best to advertise in, if you were to
advertise for a partner or investor, and write an ad you'd want to use if
you did decide to advertise for monetary help.
With listing of all the options available to your needs, all that's left is
the arranging of these options in the order you would want to use them when
the time come to ask for money. When you're researching these money sources,
you'll save time by noting the "contact" deal with when you want money, and
whenever possible, by developing a working relationship with these people.
If your documentation section, you should have a credit report on yourself.
Use the Yellow Pages or check at the credit department in your bank for the
nearest credit reporting office. When you get your credit report, look it
over and take whatever steps are necessary to eliminate any negative
comments. Once these have been taken care of, ask for a revised copy of your
report and include a copy of that in your business plan.
If you own any patents or copyrights, include copies of these. Any licenses
to use someone else's patent or copyright should also be included. If you
own the distribution, wholesale or exclusive sales rights to a product,
include copies of this documentation. You should also include copies of any
leases, special agreements or other legal papers that might be pertinent to
your business.
In conclusion, write out a brief, overall summary of your business- when the
business was started, the purpose of the business, what makes your business
different, how you're going to gain a profitable share of the market, and
your expected success during the coming 5 years..
The last page of your business plan is a "courtesy page" listing the names,
addresses and phone numbers of personal and business references--persons who
have known you closely for the past five years or longer--and companies or
firms you've had business or credit dealings with during the past five
years.
And, that's it--your complete business plan. Before you send it out for
formal typing, read it over once a day for a week or ten days. Take care of
any changes or corrections, and then have it reviewed by an attorney and
then, an accountant. It would also be a good idea to have it reviewed by a
business consultant serving the business community to which your business
will be related. After these reviews, and any last-minute changes you want
to make, I'll be ready for formal typing.
Hire a professional typist to type the entire plan on ordinary white bond
paper. Make sure you proof-read it against the original. Check for any
corrections and typographical errors--then one more time--read it through
for clarity and the perfection you want of it.
Now you're ready to have it printed and published for whatever use you have
planned for it--distribution amongst your partners or stockholders as the
business plan for putting together a winning financial proposal, or as a
business operating manual.
Take it to a quality printer in your area, and have three copies printed.
Don't settle for photo-copying..Have it printed!
Photo-copying leaves a slight film on the paper, and will detract from the
overall professionalism of your business plan, when presented to someone
you're trying to impress. So, after going to all this work to put together
properly, go all the way and have it duplicated properly.
Next, stop by a stationery store, variety store or even a dime store, and
pick up an ordinary, inexpensive bind-in theme cover for each copy of your
business plan. Have the holes punched in the pages of your business report
to fit these binders and then slip each copy into a binder of its own.
Now, you can relax, take a break and feel good about yourself..You have a
complete and detailed business plan with which to operate a successful
business of your own. A plan you can use as a basis for any financing
proposal you may want to submit..And a precise road-map for the attainment
of real success...
Congratulations, and my best wishes for the complete fulfillment of all your
dreams of success!!! |